Archive for the 'Medicine' Category

Medicine

Scabies, or “the Itch”.

It is hard to know where to begin when discussing the 1500 page “Domestic Medical Practice” - a turn of the century tome designed for household use, published by a now vanished medical society and written by a mix of 19th century educated New York City Doctors. I have chosen to begin randomly with page 1386 and a passage on scabies which reads:

Scabies or the Itch appear in children who have not been kept as clean as they might be. They are little red marks with black centers. They usually appear between the fingers and the toes. The itching is intense.

Give the child a warm bath, and anoint with Balsam of Peru. Three or four applications of Petroleum or Benzine after a bath will often remove the trouble. One ounce of Sulphur and two ounces of Lard made into an ointment is an old remedy. If any of the above remedies are used a few times, the skin will usually clear. It is a very contagious disease and the child should sleep alone.

Feel free to comment on this and then I will continue with an analysis.

Medicine

Crappy for Six or Shitty for Two: Standard Tuberculosis Prophylaxis Regimens

High-risk patients who’ve been exposed to TB or recently converted to positive PPD’s need some kind of preventative Rx. This is not the same as the Tx options which the CDC recommends based on standard RIPE-S therapy, however we have some tough choices to make.

ISONIAZID for six months? Hmm. It can cause hepatitis, peripheral neuropathy and a “lupus-like” syndrome.

We can get away with only two months of treatment with AE that are much worse, using Rifampin and Pyrazinamide - where we’ll get red-orange piss, sweat and tears, as well as a potential hepatitis and in exchange for something lupus-like we go “flu-like” for the duration with myalgia and gout possibly too.

Either way it is not a pretty way to spend your time but at least better than taking HAART therapy after a needle stick. Jeez. There has to be a better way on the horizon!

Medicine

The Salmonella Outbreak

It is time again to get involved with others. Times are getting increasingly difficult and this is primarily due to selfishness. One of the things we can do is to become more involved in our own governance. Here is a copy of a letter I wrote to lawmakers on the recent salmonella outbreak, something seemingly minor when compared to the collapse of the global economy, but nonetheless a symptom of the same disease: that is, a failure of the people to ensure their own future by allowing government’s role of enforcement to be reversed by the regulated community. Get involved and fight for a civil society!

Salmonella EM

<meta name="GENERATOR" content="OpenOffice.org 2.1 (Win32)" /><meta name="CREATED" content="20090208;13203900" /><meta name="CHANGEDBY" content="Robert Johnson" /><meta name="CHANGED" content="20090208;14170700" /><style> <!-- @page { size: 8.5in 11in; margin: 0.79in } P { margin-bottom: 0.08in } --> </style></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"><font face="Arial"><font size="2">The Honorable Senator Patrick Leahy</font></font></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"><font face="Arial"><font size="2">433 Russell Senate Office Bldg<br /> United States Senate<br /> Washington, DC 20510 FAX (202) 224-3479</font></font></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"><font face="Arial"><font size="2">February 08, 2009</font></font></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"><font face="Arial"><font size="2"><strong>RE: Salmonella Outbreak</strong></font></font></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"><font face="Arial"><font size="2">Mr. Leahy,</font></font></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"><font face="Arial"><font size="2">I am writing to express a conceptual framework by which lawmakers should define their approach to the <em>Salmonella typhimurium </em>outbreak attributed to Peanut Corporation of America.</font></font></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"><font face="Arial"><font size="2">To briefly express my background, I am a former Environmental Investigation officer of the Washington, D.C. Department of Health and am currently a third year M.D. student on clinical rotations in New Jersey. In addition I have experience working for a private, food-testing contract laboratory.</font></font></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"><strong><font face="Arial"><font size="2">If a few months ago I were to discuss with members of Congress a historical incident in which toxigenic bacteria were knowingly distributed to American citizens resulting in several deaths one would likely first recall the Anthrax attacks of 2001.</font></font></strong></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"><strong><font face="Arial"><font size="2">Interstingly enough, the species of bacteria implicated in the current peanut contamination was also used for intentional harm in what is considered the most extensive bioterror event in the U.S., that is the 1984 “Rajneeshee” food poisoning attack which sickened over 750 people in The Dalles, Oregon.</font></font></strong></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"><strong><font face="Arial"><font size="2">In short the current crisis might come to be differentiated from these aforementioned incidents on the basis of intent, but it is also unique in that the number of fatalities from the current situation exceeds the total loss of life from these other two events combined!</font></font></strong></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"><font face="Arial"><font size="2">“Testing to compliance” is essentially a practice which puts at risk, not only our nation’s food and pharmaceutical products, but the quality of our water, air, transportation systems and manufactured goods. Unfortunately I have observed this practice in multiple venues. It is therefore imperative that Congress provide for the appropriate regulatory agencies, sophisticated monitoring and enforcement branches in order to ensure compliance.</font></font></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"><font face="Arial"><font size="2">American citizens have collectively chosen a safe society and it is this image we wish to project to the international community and ourselves. It is time that we no longer let some bad apples (or peanuts as it were) spoil the bunch.</font></font></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"><font face="Arial"><font size="2">Thank you for your attention to this matter. It is sincerely appreciated.</font></font></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <!-- <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:trackback="http://madskills.com/public/xml/rss/module/trackback/"> <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://colorspace.us/wordpress/archives/54" dc:identifier="http://colorspace.us/wordpress/archives/54" dc:title="The Salmonella Outbreak" trackback:ping="http://colorspace.us/wordpress/archives/54/trackback/" /> </rdf:RDF> --> </div> <p class="post-info"> <em class="date">08 Mar 2009</em> <em class="user"><a href="http://colorspace.us/wordpress/archives/author/admin/" title="Posts by agkistrodon">agkistrodon</a></em> <span></span> <span class="post-comments"><a href="http://colorspace.us/wordpress/archives/54#respond" title="Comment on The Salmonella Outbreak">0 comments</a></span> </p> </div> <div class="post"> <p class="cat"><a href="http://colorspace.us/wordpress/archives/category/medicine/" title="View all posts in Medicine" rel="category tag">Medicine</a></p> <h2 class="post-title"> <a href="http://colorspace.us/wordpress/archives/51" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link: Microcytic hypochromic anemia">Microcytic hypochromic anemia</a> </h2> <div class="post-content"> <p>Greetings everyone. I am very busy with exams coming up in a few days, but I did want to share a recent slide - this one is related to lead poisoning.</p> <p>Talk soon!<br /> -Bob</p> <p><a class="imagelink" title="Peripheral blood smear in a patient with lead poisoning" href="http://colorspace.us/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2008/03/blood-smear.jpg"><img id="image50" alt="Peripheral blood smear in a patient with lead poisoning" src="http://colorspace.us/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2008/03/blood-smear.jpg" /></a></p> <p align="left"><em>Peripheral blood smear in a patient with lead poisoning</em></p> <p align="left"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"><strong>Organ Basis of ID</strong></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in">Blood. RBC’s.</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"><strong>Morphology</strong></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in">Red cell with basophilic stippling. (Indicates clustering of ribosomes).</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"><strong>Disease</strong></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in">Microcytic hypochromic anemia.</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"><strong>Etiology</strong></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in">Lead poisoning (aka Plumbism).</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"><strong>Pathogenic mechanism</strong></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in">Deficient HEME synthesis due to:</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in">Inhibition of ALA dehydratase</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in">Inhibition of Ferrochelase</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in">Decreased incorporation of Iron into Heme.</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in">Divalent lead “competition” with Calcium - systemically.</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"><strong>Other Structural changes seen</strong></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in">Possibly mild hemolytic anemia in CBC.</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"><strong>Other sites of involvement</strong></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in">Encephalopathy: Seizures, coma, violence. (PB, a divalent cation like Ca)</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in">Kidneys: PCT Damage (Shows intra-nuclear inclusions (of Pb-Protein complexed.) Produces a FANCONI-Like syndrome as AA’s are lost in the urine – NO PCT re-absorption).</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in">Gums: Show lines of hyperpigmentation that are blue/black.(lead sulfide deposition.)</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in">Long Bones: Lead Lines, Pb deposited instead of Calcium.</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in">Blood: Na/K ATPase Pump inhibited. Possible HEMOLYTIC anemia.</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"><strong>Other diseases w/ similar changes</strong></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in">Thalassemia.</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in">Iron-deficiency.</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"><strong>Signs and Symptoms</strong></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in">Peripheral neuropathy in adults. (Wrist drop/ Foot drop).</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in">Acute encephalopathy (CNS) in YOUNG children.</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in">Older children show Behavior changes and developmental regression.</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in">Constipation and colicky pain. (ANS involvement in GIT).</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in">A chronic disease. Children present with a more abrupt onset of CNS problems. Adults present with headache, metallic taste, abdominal discomfort and personality changes.</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in">Reversible disease in adults, not necessarily children.</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"><strong>Laboratory Investigations</strong></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in">Blood - for blood lead and erythrocyte protoporphyrin and Zn-protoporphyrin.</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in">Urine – during chelation therapy for progress.</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in">Screening questions and health department involvement.</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"><strong>Course of disease process</strong></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in">1.Lead ingestion via absorption, inhalation or consumption.</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in">2.Pb’s high affinity for -SH (SULFHYDRYL GROUPS) inhibits Heme synthesis.</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in">3.Iron won’t incorporate into Heme. - Protoporphyrin builds up. (Zn substitutes for Fe).</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in">4.Ribsomes in RBC’s remain clustered – producing stippling.</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in">5.Pb affects BBB permeability, complexes with proteins and incorporates where calcium normally acts.</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in">6.Death is a possibility. The source must be removed.</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in">Treat with EDTA/BAL chelation therapy combination.</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"><strong>3 important points</strong></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in">Protoporhpyrin accumulates – provides for testing</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in">RBC’s become small with “little blue dots.”</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in">Children at serious risk.</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"><strong>Clinical Vignette</strong></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in">A 19-month-old, previously healthy Hispanic child was found to have anemia during a routine screening examination; her hemoglobin level was 5.4 g per dL. The family lived in an older neighborhood and drank tap water from the city’s water supply which was recently chemically treated for contamination by Enteric bacteria.</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in">The peripheral blood smear showed round, dark-blue granules within the red blood cells. During the workup, radiography of the child’s long bones was performed showing radiodensity in the epiphyses.</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in">Which one of the following is the most likely diagnosis?</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in">A. Beta-thalassemia</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in">B. Carbon Monoxide Exposure</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in">C. Lead toxicity</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in">D. Sickle cell anemia</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in">E. Gram-negative hemolysins.</p> <!-- <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:trackback="http://madskills.com/public/xml/rss/module/trackback/"> <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://colorspace.us/wordpress/archives/51" dc:identifier="http://colorspace.us/wordpress/archives/51" dc:title="Microcytic hypochromic anemia" trackback:ping="http://colorspace.us/wordpress/archives/51/trackback/" /> </rdf:RDF> --> </div> <p class="post-info"> <em class="date">28 Mar 2008</em> <em class="user"><a href="http://colorspace.us/wordpress/archives/author/admin/" title="Posts by agkistrodon">agkistrodon</a></em> <span></span> <span class="post-comments"><a href="http://colorspace.us/wordpress/archives/51#respond" title="Comment on Microcytic hypochromic anemia">0 comments</a></span> </p> </div> <div class="post"> <p class="cat"><a href="http://colorspace.us/wordpress/archives/category/medicine/" title="View all posts in Medicine" rel="category tag">Medicine</a></p> <h2 class="post-title"> <a href="http://colorspace.us/wordpress/archives/48" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link: Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever">Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever</a> </h2> <div class="post-content"> <p><a title="rmsf.jpg" class="imagelink" href="http://colorspace.us/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2008/03/rmsf.jpg"><img alt="rmsf.jpg" id="image49" src="http://colorspace.us/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2008/03/rmsf.jpg" /></a></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"><strong>This is what we are doing in Pathology. We present a slide or two everyday that we research in the midst of our work. Classes are sometimes 8 to 5 and then we have a day’s worth of studying leaving a hell of a lot of time for sleep, but it is better than working for the man.</strong></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"><strong>Identify Organ Basis of ID</strong></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in">Small blood vessels with concentric rings of endothelium, connective tissue and/or epithelioid cells possibly.</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"><strong>Morphology</strong></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in">First of all, vessel appears thrombosed i.e.; the intravascualr coagulation of blood (noticed in the left side of the lumen in this photo). Note: endothelial loss by itself can lead to thrombosis. (See pg 94 Robbins). Secondly, possibly a vasculitis (inflammation of vessel walls, notice mild thickness, indicative of cellular infiltrate). Fibrinoid necrosis refers to the hyaline-like staining that occurs within the vasculature (not unlike how fibrin stains: clear, pink, glassy).</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"><strong>Disease</strong></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in">Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF), caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, conveyed by the bite of a wood or dog tick. Obligate intracellular parasites.</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"><strong>Etiology</strong></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in">Intracellular infection of endothelial cells by rickettsia resulting in necrosis and rupture of small vessels.</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"><strong>Pathogenic mechanism</strong></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in">Kill by cytopathic effect- replicate in cytoplasm of endothelial cells the infected blood vessels cells lyse, causing internal hemorrhage, blockage of the blood vessels, and eventual death of the cells. Coagulation cascade activated.</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"><strong>Other Structural changes seen</strong></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in">CTL responses essential for removal of rickettsia, kill by NO. (Stimulated first by IFN-gamma and TNF from NK’s).</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"><strong>Other sites of involvement</strong></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in">GIT, muscles, CNS & heart potentially involved in advanced stages. Interstitial pneumonia possibly.</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"><strong>Other diseases w/ similar changes</strong></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in">Possibly other ricketsial diseases.</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"><strong>Signs and Symptoms</strong></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in">Abrupt onset high fever and severe headache, malaise followed by a rash that is initially macular but may become petechial or hemorrhagic. Rash (from extravasation of RBC’s) begins on extremities and spreads to entire body. 10% do NOT have a rash. May never present untl death. Disease is found in South-Central and Mid-Atlantic United States. 2/3 cases in children.</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"><strong>Laboratory Investigations</strong></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in">Clinical specimens from blood and reactions with Proteus antibodies (Weil-Felix reaction).</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"><strong>Course of disease process</strong></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in">Potentially lethal but curable. — Untreated cases may result in shock, myocardial or renal failure, DIC.</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"><strong>Highlight 3 important points</strong></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in">Endothelial cell damage launches clotting cascade which includes thrombosis AND bleeding. (Consumptive coagulopathy- clotting factors get used up). Should be treated with antibiotics. Abrupt fever with rash starting in extremities.</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"><strong>Clinical Vignette</strong></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in">A 35 year old dog handler from Tennessee developed a sudden fever and a strange rash of tiny red spots on his hands shortly after a turkey hunting weekend at his country house. An intracellullar organism was implicated. This disease was most likely caused by:</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in">A. A lysogenic viral infection that has become lytic</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in">B. Exotoxins involved in ADP-ribosylation</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in">C. A type of necrosis that can be seen in the walls of small or medium-sized muscular blood vessels</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in">D. A Primary infection that has progressed to a disseminated form</p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"><strong>Extra note:</strong> Black measels - Howard T. Ricketts was the first to establish the identity of the infectious organism that causes this disease. He and others characterized the basic epidemiologic features of the disease, including the role of tick vectors. Their studies found that Rocky Mountain spotted fever is caused by the bacterium, Rickettsia rickettsii. This species is maintained in nature in a complex life cycle involving ticks and mammals; humans are considered to be accidental hosts and are not involved in the natural transmission cycle of this pathogen. Tragically, Dr. Ricketts died of typhus (another rickettsial disease) in Mexico in 1910, shortly after completing his remarkable studies on Rocky Mountain spotted fever.</p> <!-- <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:trackback="http://madskills.com/public/xml/rss/module/trackback/"> <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://colorspace.us/wordpress/archives/48" dc:identifier="http://colorspace.us/wordpress/archives/48" dc:title="Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever" trackback:ping="http://colorspace.us/wordpress/archives/48/trackback/" /> </rdf:RDF> --> </div> <p class="post-info"> <em class="date">15 Mar 2008</em> <em class="user"><a href="http://colorspace.us/wordpress/archives/author/admin/" title="Posts by agkistrodon">agkistrodon</a></em> <span></span> <span class="post-comments"><a href="http://colorspace.us/wordpress/archives/48#respond" title="Comment on Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever">0 comments</a></span> </p> </div> <div class="post"> <p class="cat"><a href="http://colorspace.us/wordpress/archives/category/chemistry/" title="View all posts in Chemistry" rel="category tag">Chemistry</a>, <a href="http://colorspace.us/wordpress/archives/category/medicine/" title="View all posts in Medicine" rel="category tag">Medicine</a>, <a href="http://colorspace.us/wordpress/archives/category/grenada/" title="View all posts in Grenada" rel="category tag">Grenada</a></p> <h2 class="post-title"> <a href="http://colorspace.us/wordpress/archives/46" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link: Opuntia Cactus!">Opuntia Cactus!</a> </h2> <div class="post-content"> <p>The Opuntia genus of cacti, which includes prickly pears grows here in Grenada. The genus contains about 250 species distributed throughout most of the New World and it is now being examined for its chemical constituents which are being used to develop medicines.<br /> Some of these are related to wound healing of the skin as well as that of other epithelial cells, such as those found in the GI tract.</p> <p>A polysaccharide known as mucilage is found in these cacti and research has started to show its help in the healing of tissue damage.<br /> <strong> By the way, I have started a small cactus garden behind my room!</strong> See my cactus below (and the abstract on ethanol-induced gastritis and Oputina-derived mucilage.)<br /> <a class="imagelink" title="Opuntia spp." href="http://colorspace.us/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2007/02/opuntia.jpg"><img id="image45" alt="Opuntia spp." src="http://colorspace.us/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2007/02/opuntia.jpg" /></a></p> <dl class="PubmedArticle" id="dlPubmedArticle16865772"> <dt class="head" id="head16865772"> <div class="abstitle" id="abstitle16865772"><span class="ti"><span title="World journal of gastroenterology : WJG"><a href="javascript:AL_get(this, 'jour', 'World J Gastroenterol.');">World J Gastroenterol.</a></span> 2006 Jul 21;12(27):4318-24.</span><span class="featured_linkouts"><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/utils/fref.fcgi?itool=AbstractPlus-def&PrId=3661&uid=16865772&db=pubmed&url=http://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/12/4318.asp"><img border="0" alt="Click here to read" src="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query/egifs/http:--www.wjgnet.com-images-wjg.gif" /></a></span><span class="linkbar"><script language="JavaScript1.2"> <!-- var PopUpMenu2_LocalConfig_jsmenu3Config = [ ["ShowCloseIcon","yes"], ["Help","window.open('/entrez/query/static/popup.html','Links_Help','resizable=no,scrollbars=yes,toolbar=no,location=no,directories=no,status=no,menubar=no,copyhistory=no,alwaysRaised=no,depend=no,width=400,height=500');"], ["FrameTarget","_top"], ["TitleText"," Links "] ] var jsmenu3Config = [ ["UseLocalConfig","jsmenu3Config","",""] ] //--> </script> <script language="JavaScript1.2"> <!-- var Menu16865772 = [ ["UseLocalConfig","jsmenu3Config","",""], ["Compound via MeSH","http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?itool=pubmed_AbstractPlus&#038;db=pubmed&#038;cmd=Display&#038;dopt=pubmed_pccompound_mesh&#038;from_uid=16865772","",""], ["Substance via MeSH","http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?itool=pubmed_AbstractPlus&#038;db=pubmed&#038;cmd=Display&#038;dopt=pubmed_pcsubstance_mesh&#038;from_uid=16865772","",""], ["LinkOut","http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?itool=pubmed_AbstractPlus&#038;cmd=Retrieve&#038;db=pubmed&#038;list_uids=16865772&#038;dopt=ExternalLink","",""] ] //--> </script> </span></div> </dt> <dd class="abstract" id="abstract16865772"> <h2>Reversing gastric mucosal alterations during ethanol-induced chronic gastritis in rats by oral administration of Opuntia ficus-indica mucilage.</h2> <ul class="authors"> <li><a title="Click to search for citations by this author." href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&itool=pubmed_AbstractPlus&term=%22Vazquez%2DRamirez+R%22%5BAuthor%5D"><strong>Vazquez-Ramirez R</strong></a>,</li> <li><a title="Click to search for citations by this author." href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&itool=pubmed_AbstractPlus&term=%22Olguin%2DMartinez+M%22%5BAuthor%5D"><strong>Olguin-Martinez M</strong></a>,</li> <li><a title="Click to search for citations by this author." href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&itool=pubmed_AbstractPlus&term=%22Kubli%2DGarfias+C%22%5BAuthor%5D"><strong>Kubli-Garfias C</strong></a>,</li> <li><a title="Click to search for citations by this author." href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&itool=pubmed_AbstractPlus&term=%22Hernandez%2DMunoz+R%22%5BAuthor%5D"><strong>Hernandez-Munoz R</strong></a>.</li> </ul> <p class="affiliation">Departamento de Biologia Celular y Fisiologia Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. Apdo. Postal 70-243. Mexico D.F. 04510, Mexico.</p> <p class="abstract">AIM: To study the effect of mucilage obtained from cladodes of Opuntia ficus-indica (Cactaceae) on the healing of ethanol-induced gastritis in rats. METHODS: Chronic gastric mucosa injury was treated with mucilage (5 mg/kg per day) after it was induced by ethanol. Lipid composition, activity of 5′-nucleotidase (a membrane-associated ectoenzyme) and cytosolic activities of lactate and alcohol dehydrogenases in the plasma membrane of gastric mucosa were determined. Histological studies of gastric samples from the experimental groups were included. RESULTS: Ethanol elicited the histological profile of gastritis characterized by loss of the surface epithelium and infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Phosphatidylcholine (PC) decreased and cholesterol content increased in plasma membranes of the gastric mucosa. In addition, cytosolic activity increased while the activity of alcohol dehydrogenases decreased. The administration of mucilage promptly corrected these enzymatic changes. In fact, mucilage readily accelerated restoration of the ethanol-induced histological alterations and the disturbances in plasma membranes of gastric mucosa, showing a univocal anti-inflammatory effect. The activity of 5′-nucleotidase correlated with the changes in lipid composition and the fluidity of gastric mucosal plasma membranes. CONCLUSION: The beneficial action of mucilage seems correlated with stabilization of plasma membranes of damaged gastric mucosa. Molecular interactions between mucilage monosaccharides and membrane phospholipids, mainly PC and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), may be the relevant features responsible for changing activities of membrane-attached proteins during the healing process after chronic gastric mucosal damage.</p> </dd> </dl> <!-- <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:trackback="http://madskills.com/public/xml/rss/module/trackback/"> <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://colorspace.us/wordpress/archives/46" dc:identifier="http://colorspace.us/wordpress/archives/46" dc:title="Opuntia Cactus!" trackback:ping="http://colorspace.us/wordpress/archives/46/trackback/" /> </rdf:RDF> --> </div> <p class="post-info"> <em class="date">21 Feb 2007</em> <em class="user"><a href="http://colorspace.us/wordpress/archives/author/admin/" title="Posts by agkistrodon">agkistrodon</a></em> <span></span> <span class="post-comments"><a href="http://colorspace.us/wordpress/archives/46#respond" title="Comment on Opuntia Cactus!">0 comments</a></span> </p> </div> <div class="post"> <p class="cat"><a href="http://colorspace.us/wordpress/archives/category/medicine/" title="View all posts in Medicine" rel="category tag">Medicine</a></p> <h2 class="post-title"> <a href="http://colorspace.us/wordpress/archives/41" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link: Public Health Fair">Public Health Fair</a> </h2> <div class="post-content"> <p>This weekend the students of AMSA participated in a local health screening outreach event. We took histories, did BP, blood glucose, eye and ear checks and some did breast exams.</p> <p>More events of such a nature are likely to follow. Although I mostly took photos, I did have the chance to play with a kid who was enjoying time kicking an empty Pringles can, so the experience wasn’t entirely wasted.</p> <p><a class="imagelink" title="An AMSA Member at SGU checks a patient's blood sugar at The Limes, Grenada this past weekend." href="http://colorspace.us/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2007/02/i.jpg"><img alt="An AMSA Member at SGU checks a patient's blood sugar at The Limes, Grenada this past weekend." id="image42" src="http://colorspace.us/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2007/02/i.thumbnail.jpg" /></a> </p> <!-- <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:trackback="http://madskills.com/public/xml/rss/module/trackback/"> <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://colorspace.us/wordpress/archives/41" dc:identifier="http://colorspace.us/wordpress/archives/41" dc:title="Public Health Fair" trackback:ping="http://colorspace.us/wordpress/archives/41/trackback/" /> </rdf:RDF> --> </div> <p class="post-info"> <em class="date">24 Jan 2007</em> <em class="user"><a href="http://colorspace.us/wordpress/archives/author/admin/" title="Posts by agkistrodon">agkistrodon</a></em> <span></span> <span class="post-comments"><a href="http://colorspace.us/wordpress/archives/41#respond" title="Comment on Public Health Fair">0 comments</a></span> </p> </div> <p align="center"></p> </div> <div id="sidebar"> <ul> <li class="sideitem"> <h2><label for="s">Search</label></h2> <form id="searchform" method="get" action="http://colorspace.us/wordpress/index.php"> <input type="text" class="textbox" name="s" id="s" value="" size="15" /><br /> <input type="submit" name="submit" value="Go" /> </form> </li> <li class="sideitem"> <h2>Archives</h2> <ul> <li><a href='http://colorspace.us/wordpress/archives/date/2009/12/' title='December 2009'>December 2009</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='http://colorspace.us/wordpress/archives/date/2009/10/' title='October 2009'>October 2009</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='http://colorspace.us/wordpress/archives/date/2009/08/' title='August 2009'>August 2009</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='http://colorspace.us/wordpress/archives/date/2009/03/' title='March 2009'>March 2009</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='http://colorspace.us/wordpress/archives/date/2008/11/' title='November 2008'>November 2008</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='http://colorspace.us/wordpress/archives/date/2008/03/' title='March 2008'>March 2008</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='http://colorspace.us/wordpress/archives/date/2007/02/' title='February 2007'>February 2007</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='http://colorspace.us/wordpress/archives/date/2007/01/' title='January 2007'>January 2007</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='http://colorspace.us/wordpress/archives/date/2006/12/' title='December 2006'>December 2006</a> (1)</li> </ul> </li> <li class="sideitem"> <h2>Tags</h2> <ul> <li><a href="http://colorspace.us/wordpress/archives/category/uncategorized/" title="View all posts filed under Uncategorized">Uncategorized</a> (1) </li> <li><a href="http://colorspace.us/wordpress/archives/category/mold/" title="View all posts filed under Mold">Mold</a> (1) </li> <li><a href="http://colorspace.us/wordpress/archives/category/chemistry/" title="View all posts filed under Chemistry">Chemistry</a> (1) </li> <li class="current-cat"><a href="http://colorspace.us/wordpress/archives/category/medicine/" title="View all posts filed under Medicine">Medicine</a> (7) </li> <li><a href="http://colorspace.us/wordpress/archives/category/grenada/" title="View all posts filed under Grenada">Grenada</a> (2) </li> <li><a href="http://colorspace.us/wordpress/archives/category/obama/" title="View all posts filed under OBAMA!">OBAMA!</a> (1) </li> <li><a href="http://colorspace.us/wordpress/archives/category/is-it-qualify/" title="View all posts filed under "Is it 'qualify'"?">“Is it ‘qualify’”?</a> (2) </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sideitem"> <h2>Pages</h2> <ul><li class="page_item"><a href="http://colorspace.us/wordpress/environmental-investigations/" title="Environmental Health">Environmental Health</a></li> <li class="page_item"><a href="http://colorspace.us/wordpress/medical-school/" title="Medicine">Medicine</a></li> <li class="page_item"><a href="http://colorspace.us/wordpress/photography/" title="Photography">Photography</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="footer"> <div id="copyright"> <p>Copyright © 2010 Colorspace <br/> <span class="feed"><a href="http://colorspace.us/wordpress/feed/">Posts RSS</a></span> <span class="feed"><a href="http://colorspace.us/wordpress/comments/feed/">Comments RSS</a></span></p> </div> <div id="designcredit"> <p> <a href="http://wpthemepark.com/themes/intense/">WordPress Theme</a> <a href="http://saltedsugar.com/" target="_blank">designed</a> to help <a href="http://www.savebabygavin.com/" title="Save Baby Gavin">Save Baby Gavin</a> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div id="bottom"> </div> </div> </body> </html>